This filter converts all blockquote-with-attributes to
div-with-attributes.

A blockquote-with-attributes is defined as a blockquote that has a
header with attributes defined on it as it's first element, e.g.

    > # valid blockquote {.class}
    > text

This example would be converted into this markdown:

    <div class='class' id=id>
    # valid blockquote
    text
    </div>

And the equivalent html.

The class must be one of the allowed classes defined in the filter (i.e.
one of 'callout', 'objectives' or 'challenge').

Also modifed the Makefile to use the slides template for this file
instead of the generic template.

Note that we do not need a Markdown extension for deck.js because
Pandoc is doing Markdown-to-HTML conversion for us.

1. Moving all commands into a Makefile (because we're handling file dependencies, and that's the right tool for it).
2. Ignoring the .html files produced in the root directory for now.
3. Switching to a single layout modeled on that used for workshop websites - will need to update this.